Changes of opportunistic infection pattern in patients with AIDS in Jakarta.

The outpatient clinic of special study group on AIDS (POKDISUS) FKUI/RSCM provides health service for most of patients with HIV infection/AIDS in Jakarta. According to information center currently there are approximately 1800 cases and most of them (67%) are intravenous drug users. The study to obtain the profile of opportunistic infection in hospital had been initiated by Aida et al (1999). The pattern of opportunistic infection reported by Aida was the 1 report on opportunistic infection pattern in Indonesia. Aida et al reported fungal infection of gastrointestinal tract was the most frequent infection followed by tuberculosis. Cytomegalo retinitis was also an important opportunistic infection reported by Aida. Compare to opportunistic infection pattern in developed countries, in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, however, Pneumocystic Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) was not common. Case series reported by Aida were HIV patients who were infected likely due to sexual transmission because intravenous drug user was still uncommon phenomenon in Indonesia. Maulana et al (2002) reported the opportunistic infection pattern in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and showed that fungal infection of gastrointestinal tract was still the most frequent infection. At that time, most of cases were intravenous drug users. Yunihastuti reported 698 cases in 2004 and found that fungal infection of gastrointestinal tract was 48% of all cases followed by lung tuberculosis (36%) and chronic diarrhea. Case series by Yunihastuti demonstrated relatively high incidence of lung tuberculosis infection (17%) and if it were put together with extra-lung tuberculosis infection accounted for 50% of all cases. Thus, according to this report, tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. However, it reported cytomegalo retinitis less then those reported by Aida. Changes of Opportunistic Infection Pattern in Patients with AIDS in Jakarta